Assignment

Name: _____________________________________________

Review the pages on Aircraft Engines, then try to answer these questions, then check your work

Questions -- 12 Marks

Most aircraft engines are ___________________ cooled. This approach saves the ___________________ of a radiator and _______________________ and adds a measure of safety.
Aircraft engines have ______________________ ignition systems, with the energy to create the spark generated by _________________________. A _________________________, turned by the ____________________________, isn't dependent on the aircraft _________________________. Each cylinder also has __________________ spark plugs.
Because an aircraft engine operates throughout a wide range of ___________________________, the power controls include a manual __________________________ control that the pilot uses to maintain the proper air/fuel _________________________ as the airplane climbs and descends.
Most piston engines used in aircraft have either a ______________________ or fuel ____________________ system to deliver fuel and air to the cylinders. The carburetor __________________ fuel and _____________________ before it enters the __________________.
Larger engines usually have fuel-injection systems, which __________________________ fuel directly into the _______________________________, where it mixes with air during the _____________________ stroke.
State, in order, and explain the four stokes on an internal combustion engine:
1. ____________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________
4. ____________________________________________________
Explain, in your words, what a carburetor is, and how it works:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
The carburetor mixes air and fuel by __________________________. Piston engines generally produce maximum power when the air/fuel mixture is about _____________:1.
Carburetors are calibrated at sea-level pressure to meter the correct amount of fuel with the mixture control in the full ____________________________ position. As altitude increases, air density _____________________________. To compensate for this difference, the pilot uses the ________________________ control to adjust the air/fuel mixture.
A air/fuel mixture that is too _____________________—too much fuel for the current weight of air—causes excessive fuel _________________________, _____________________________ engine operation, and _______________________________ of power. Running an engine too rich also _____________________________ the engine, causing below-normal temperatures in the combustion chambers, which leads to spark plug _________________________ among other problems.
Operating with the mixture too ___________________________—too little fuel for the current weight of air—results in ________________________ engine operation, _____________________________, ___________________________________, and a loss of power.
Explain, in your words, what a carburetor ice is, and how it forms:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
On dry days, or when the temperature is well below freezing, the moisture in the air generally doesn't cause carburetor ice. But if the temperature is between ________________ degrees F (–_________ degrees C) and _________________ degrees F (__________ degrees C), with ______________________ moisture or high _______________________, the pilot should be constantly on the alert for carburetor ice.
If you suspect that carburetor ice is present, apply full carburetor heat immediately. Leave it on ______________________ until you're ________________________________ that all the ice has been removed. Applying partial heat or leaving heat on momentarily might _____________________________ the situation.
When you first apply carburetor heat expect a __________________ in RPM in airplanes equipped with fixed-pitch propellers; in airplanes equipped with controllable pitch propellers, expect a drop in _______________________ pressure.
...________________________ use carburetor heat when you need ______________________ power (as during takeoff) or during normal engine ...
Fuel injection has several advantages over a carbureted fuel system which compensate for its greater cost and complexity.
1. No possibility of carburetor _________________ .
2. Better fuel ___________________.
3. ___________________ throttle response.
4. Precise control of _______________________.
5. Better fuel ______________________________.
6. ___________________ cold weather _______________________.
Fuel injection does have some disadvantages, the most important being:
1. Difficulty in starting a ___________________ engine.
2. ___________________ ______________________ during ground operations on _____________ days.
3. Difficulty _________________________ an engine that quits because of fuel starvation.
You should turn the ignition switch to _________________________ after starting the engine and leave it on ___________________________ during flight. Turn it _______________________ after shutting down the engine.
The normal procedure is to set the power at about __________________________ RPM. Turn the ignition switch from ___________________ to RIGHT, then back to BOTH, then to ______________________, and then back to ___________________________. You should see a slight ________________________ in ___________________ each time you switch from BOTH to either RIGHT or LEFT. If both magnetos are functioning normally, the drop should be no more than about _______________ RPM.
You should not shut down a piston engine by turning the ignition switch to ___________________. Instead, move the _________________________ control to the idle cutoff position to turn off the ___________________________ supply to the cylinders. After the engine stops, turn the ignition switch to _______________________. This procedure ensures that no fuel remains in the cylinders and that the engine won't _______________________ accidentally if someone turns the ______________________ ...
With a fixed-pitch propeller, managing power is _______________________. Push the throttle _____________, and ___________________ (and power) ______________________. Pull the throttle ______________________, and RPM decreases. Be aware, however, that as airspeed increases, RPM tends to creep up, too. Monitor the __________________________ carefully during descents at high speed to make sure that the RPM stays within _________________________.
A __________________________-speed propeller makes power management a bit more ___________________________. You must monitor the _________________________ pressure gauge, controlled by the ___________________________, and the tachometer, which shows the propeller ____________. You adjust RPM with the prop ______________________.
Label the parts and stages of the following turbine engine:
Explain, in your words, how a turbine engine works,:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Aircraft equipped with turbofan engines like the Learjet 45 and Boeing 737-400 have ________________ power control—the ________________________ levers. To increase power, move the thrust levers _______________________________. To reduce power, move them ________________________. Keep in mind, however, that it takes a while for jet engines to develop full power or "________________ up." It's very important to ____________________________ the need for more power.
By far the most important consideration when operating a turbine engine is ________________________ control. If you shove the thrust levers forward on takeoff, you can easily _________________________ the engines.So watch the ______________________ gas temperature (_____________) and __________________ turbine temperature (________________________) gauges carefully when you add power. Keep the needles out of the ____________________ zones.

Simulation Evaluation - 16 marks

You will have to perform the following task as an evaluation for this section. Using what you have learned, you must perform, per the aircraft check list, a normal engine start of the C-182RG, an engine run-up (before takeoff check) and a normal engine shut down. Observe the procedure in class, practice it, then see your instructor for a one on one evaluation.

Up to ... 4 marks for the engine start, 4 for the run-up, 4 for shut down, 4 for questions. Any safety of flight violation is a failure -- and you must re-test at a later time.